Executive Interviews: Interview with Jeanne M Brett on Multicultural Teams
March 2007 - By Dr. Nagendra V Chowdary

Jeanne M Brett
DeWitt W Buchanan, Jr.,
Professor of Dispute Resolution and Organizations at Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

• † What's your advice to managers managing multicultural teams?
  Though multicultural teams face challenges that are not directly attributable to cultural differences, such differences underlay whatever problem needed to be addressed in many of the teams we studied. Furthermore, while serious in their own right when they have a negative effect on team functioning, cultural challenges may also unmask fundamental managerial problems. Managers who intervene early and set norms; teams and managers who structure social interaction and work to engage everyone on the team; and teams that can see problems as stemming from culture, not personality, approach challenges with good humor and creativity. Managers who have to intervene when the team has reached a stalemate may be able to get the team moving again, but they seldom empower it to help itself the next time a stalemate occurs.

  When frustrated team members take sometime to think through challenges and possible solutions themselves, it can make a huge difference. Take, for example, this story about a financialservices call center. The members of the call-center team were all fluent Spanish speakers, but some were North Americans and some were Latin Americans. Team performance, measured by calls answered per hour, was lagging.

  One Latin American was taking twice as long with her calls as the rest of the team. She was handling callers' questions appropriately, but she was also engaging in chitchat. When her teammates confronted her for being a free rider (they resented having to make up for her low call rate), she immediately acknowledged the problem, admitting that she did not know how to end the call politely chitchat being normal in her culture. They rallied to help her: Using their technology, they would break into any of her calls that went overtime, excusing themselves to the customer, offering to take over the call, and saying that this employee was urgently needed to help out on a different call. The team's solution worked in the short run, and the employee got better at ending her calls in the long run.

  In another case, the Indian manager of a multicultural team coordinating a company wide IT project found himself frustrated when he and a teammate from Singapore met with two Japanese members of the coordinating team to try to get the Japan section to deliver its part of the project. The Japanese members seemed to be saying yes, but in the Indian manager's view, their followthrough was insufficient. He considered and rejected the idea of going up the hierarchy to the Japanese team members' boss, and decided instead to try to build consensus with the whole Japanese IT team, not just the two members on the coordinating team. He and his Singapore teammate put together an eBusiness road show, took it to Japan, invited the whole IT team to view it at a lunch meeting, and walked through success stories about other parts of the organization that had aligned with the company's larger business priorities. It was rather subtle, he told us, but it worked. The Japanese IT team wanted to be spotlighted in future eBusiness road shows. In the end, the whole team worked well together—and no higher-level manager had to get involved.

Note: The answers to questions with † were excerpted and reprinted with the permission of Harvard Business Review  from "Managing Multicultural Teams" by Jeanne Brett, Kristin Behfar, and Mary C. Kern, November 2006. Copyright © 2006 by HBS Publishing; all rights reserved.

1. Team Building Case Study
2. ICMR Case Collection
3. Case Study Volumes